Glossary
Angles and Transformations
alternate angles – two congruent angles on the opposite side of a transversal that border different parallel lines
angle – a figure formed from two rays extending from the same point
bisect – to divide into two equal parts
complementary angles – two angles that add up to 90°
congruent – having the same shape and same size
corresponding angles – two congruent angles on the same side of a transversal that border different parallel lines
dilation – an enlargement or reduction of a figure
geometry – a field of math that studies the relationships between lines, shapes, and three-dimensional figures
opposite angles – two angles that don’t touch each other and are formed by crossing lines; also called vertical angles
parallel – lines that are exactly the same distance apart and would never meet
perpendicular – at a right angle; at 90° to something
ray – a line extending indefinitely from a single point
reflection – a flip of a figure; a movement of a figure across a line, producing a mirror image
rotation – turn; the turning of a figure
supplementary angles – two angles that add up to 180°
transformation – a change in a shape, or a way of mapping the shape onto another space; examples: translation, reflection, rotation
translation – slide; to move a figure along a line
transversal – a line that divides two parallel lines
vertical angles – two angles that don’t touch each other and are formed by crossing lines; also called opposite angles
Mixtures and Solutions
concentration – the amount of material dissolved in a solution
dilute – to make a solution less concentrated, for example, by adding liquid
dissolve – to cause to spread out and seem to disappear
evaporate – to change from liquid to gas; to dry up
filter – a tool to separate larger pieces of something from liquid, often made of paper
gas – a state of matter that has no fixed shape or volume, for example, air
liquid – a state of matter that has no fixed shape but has a definite volume, for example, water
matter – all the stuff things are made of
mixture – two or more things combined together
property – something you can observe; characteristics, such as size, color, or smell
saturate – to make a solution so that no more can be dissolved
screen – a tool to separate larger pieces from smaller pieces, often made of metal
solid – a state of matter that has a definite shape and volume, for example, a rock
solubility – the property of substances that can dissolve
solute – the solid part of a solution; the stuff that dissolves in liquid
solution – a special kind of mixture with two things mixed together evenly or homogeneously
solvent – the liquid part of a solution
volume – the amount of space something takes up
